اثرات مکمل گیاهی جیره غذایی بر عملکرد تولیدی و کلسترول تخم در مرغ تخمگذار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اموزشی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه اموزشی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ، ایران

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش به‌مظور بررسی تاثیر افزودنی‌های پودر زغال اخته، پودر سیر و مخلوط اسانس  دانه کرچک و پوسته بادام هندی بر عملکرد تولیدی، کیفیت تخم مرغ و فراسنجه‌های خونی در مرغان تخمگذار انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: تعداد 128 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لوهمن سفید در سن 58 هفتگی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل 4 تیمار در هر تیمار 4 تکرار و 8 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار، استفاده شدند. طول دوره‌ی آزمایش 5 هفته در نظر گرفته شد. چهار تیمار آزمایشی شامل 1- شاهد (جیره پایه فاقد افزودنی) 2-جیره پایه به‌همراه 2 درصد پودر زغال اخته 3-جیره پایه به‌همراه 2 درصد پودر سیر، و 4- جیره پایه به‌همراه 225/0 درصد اسانس مخلوط دانه گرچک و پوسته بادام هندی بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که درصد تولید تخم مرغ، تولید توده‌ای تخم مرغ، میانگین خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل غذایی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند. صفات طول و عرض تخم مرغ، شاخص شکل، درصد تخم مرغ شکسته، نسبت زرده به سفیده و وزن مخصوص تخم مرغ بین تیمارها تفاوت معنی‌دار نشان نداد. بیشترین وزن تخم‌مرغ در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به ترتیب در تیمارهای حاوی پودر زغال اخته و اسانس مخلوط دانه گرچک و پوسته بادام هندی حاصل شد. آنزیم‌های کبدی و سطح تری گلیسیرید کل خون، و تری گلیسیرید کل زرده تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. افزودنی پودر سیر و زغال اخته به جیره سبب کاهش میزان کلسترول سرم خون و زرده تخم نسبت به گروه شاهد شد ولی افزودن مکمل پودر اسانس مخلوط دانه گرچک و پوسته بادام هندی به جیره غذایی تنها کلسترول خون را کاهش داد. افزودن پودر زغال اخته سبب بهبود کیفیت تخم از لحاظ واحد هاو، وزن پوسته و وزن زرده تخم شد. افزودن پودر سیر به جیره غذایی سبب افزایش درصد وزن پوسته و واحد هاو تخم‌مرغ‌ها شد.
 نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افزودن پودر سیر و زغال اخته به جیره سبب کاهش میزان کلسترول سرم خون و زرده تخم شد. همچنین افزودن پودر زغال سبب بهبود کیفیت تخم از لحاظ واحد هاو، وزن پوسته و وزن زرده تخم شد. افزودنی پوست بادام هندی و گرچک، به جیره غذایی مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار، تاثیری بر عملکرد تولیدی و کیفیت تخم‌مرغ نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Dietary Herbal Supplementation on Productive Performance and Egg Cholesterol in Laying Hens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zabihollah Nemati 1
  • Ravieh ohammadi 2
  • Mohammadreza Hajipour 1
1 Department of Animal science Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
     Phytobiotic additives have been gaining great importance in recent years. These additives are natural, bioactive, plant-derived compounds added to feed to improve poultry growth performance and product quality by maintaining optimal gut health, enhancing nutrient digestibility and absorption, and supporting nutrient transporters (Nemati et al., 2023) (Nemati et al., 2023; Kurekci et al., 2014). Garlic bulb, cornelian cherry, cashew, and castor are among the phytobiotic feed additives whose health benefits are recognized in many countries worldwide. Total annual production of garlic (Allium sativum) reached 29.2 million tones worldwide in 2024. A garlic bulb contains high levels of minerals, mono- and disaccharides (Untea et al. 2024), and bioactive substances, including allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and allyl mercaptan (Ogbuewu, Okoro et al. 2021). Allicin, the main bioactive compound in freshly injured garlic, can reduce serum lipids, cholesterol, and total phospholipids, shift the gut microbial community toward less pathogenic strains, and inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. Garlic can also reduce lipid peroxidation. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale, L.) is native to the tropical regions, and its production in 2020 was estimated at over 5.5 million tons (FAOSTAT, 2022). Different parts of the whole cashew fruit (flesh, kernel, and shell) contain phenolic compounds (anacardic acid, cardanols, and cardols), vitamins, and minerals (Hemshekhar et al. 2012). The antioxidant activity of anacardic acid is primarily attributed to its ability to inhibit oxidative enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (Soiefer and Rauckman 2001). Berry fruit is rich in antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and flavonoids (Pawlowska, Camangi et al. 2010). The results of the study show that cornelian berry consumption significantly alters total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL in hamster serum (Lotfi, Shahryar et al. 2014). Currently, there are limited reports on the effects of cornelian cherry and essential oil of castor seed and cashew shell on laying hen performance and egg quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cornelian cherry powder, garlic powder, and a mixture of castor seed and cashew shell essential oil on production performance, egg quality, and blood parameters in laying hens.
Method
    A total of 128 Lohmann White laying hens at 58 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each treatment replicated 4 times with 8 hens per replication. The experimental period lasted 5 weeks. The four experimental treatments included: 1) control diet (no additive); 2) control diet along with 2% cornelian cherry powder; 3) control diet along with 2% garlic powder; and 4) control diet along with 0.225% mixture of essential oils of castor and cashew shell.
Results
    The results showed that egg production percentage, egg mass production, average feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the experimental treatments. The egg shape index, broken egg percentage, and yolk-to-albumen ratio did not differ significantly between treatments. The highest egg weight was observed in the treatments containing cornelian cherry powder and a mixed essential oil of castor seeds and cashew shells, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Liver enzymes and blood triglyceride levels, and yolk triglycerides were not affected by the experimental treatments. Garlic and cornelian cherry powder additives reduced serum and yolk cholesterol levels compared to the control group (P<0.05), while adding mixed essential oil of castor seeds and cashew shells to the diet only reduced blood cholesterol and had no significant effect on the cholesterol levels in the egg yolk of birds. Cornelian cherry fruit supplementation improved egg quality in terms of Haugh unit, shell weight, and egg yolk weight. Supplementing the diet with garlic powder increased shell weight percentage and Haugh units, as well as the number of eggs produced (P<0.05).
Conclusions
    The findings of the current study indicated that incorporating garlic powder and cornelian cherry powder into the diet reduced serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations. Additionally, diet supplementation with cornelian cherry powder enhanced egg quality, specifically in terms of Haugh unit, shell weight, and yolk weight. It can be concluded that employing garlic and cornelian cherry powder in laying hens dies can improve egg quality by enhancing albumen height and Haugh unit and decreasing egg yolk cholesterol.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cashew nut shell
  • Castor
  • Egg quality
  • Egg yolk
  • Herbal essential oil
  • Laying hen performance

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